Writing the ‘Savage’: Representation of Nagas in Nineteenth Century Colonial Writings

By Lipokmar Dzüvichü

In the nineteenth century, colonial officials produced various written accounts on the Nagas and the Naga Hills, and drew particular conclusions about the people, their practices and the landscape. Through various registers and forms of representations, officials not only constituted the Nagas as “savage”, inferior and “tribes” stuck in the past. The imagery produced in these writings also became a dominant way of organizing and framing the Nagas and their landscapes in the colonial texts. It is through such ideas and representations that Nagas and their practices were made familiar and knowable to the colonial government as well as to the colonial metropole. These writings also occurred in a context where the foothills along the Naga Hills had emerged as significant spaces for colonial capital and the efforts of the colonial government to contain the “unruly” violence by the Nagas in the frontier. Besides, the writings not only established and shaped colonial representation of the Nagas and their landscapes through European frames and ideas. The genre of colonial writings also remains important because it constitutes a key domain to understand the relationship between writing, forms of representation and imperial rule in the margins of empire.

Fulltext PDF

Territoriality and State Making Practices in the Northeast Frontier of British India

By Lipokmar Dzüvichü

This article explores the relationship between territoriality and state making practices in the Northeast Frontier of British India in the nineteenth century. It examines the complex ways in which colonial territorial strategies were framed and enacted in a variety of spatial settings. Territoriality formed an important strategy of the British raj in its attempt to “control actions, interactions [and] access” of people, things and relationships over the frontier geographies. By establishing symbols of state institutions in the “wild” frontier spaces, colonial officials sought to institute and put in place a semblance of order and control over the imperial margins. These undertakings were in turn closely entangled with the colonial efforts to transform the “ill-defined” frontier landscape into clearly defined state spaces. Colonial territorial strategies were not only critical in order to define its spatial and institutional presence in the frontier, but also simultaneously aimed to historicize colonial authority and territorial possession. Colonial territorializing strategies were, however, not a simple linear enterprise. It proceeded over a landscape that was marked by a variety of political systems, relations and practices. Even as colonial authorities worked its way into the region, the state attempt to institute new forms of regulations and authority would also engender various responses and reactions by a variety of actors. The article will examine some of these complex processes that accompanied state territorialization initiatives and ascendancies in the frontier.

Fulltext PDF

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14717281